LOA LOA

Synonyms: African eye worm, Loa worm, Filaria oculiName of disease: Loaiasis, Calabar swelling (swelling Fugitive), Tropical
                                  swelling and Africa eyewormVector: ChrysopsHospes: HumanHabitat: Adult worms found in the subcutaneous tissue
  humans. Microfilariae circulating in the blood
  during the day (diurna) and live in the pulmonary capillary blood
  at night. Can also be found in the urine,
  sputum and sometimes in the spinal fluid
  back.Geographic distribution: Many are found in West Africa and Central AfricaScientific classificationKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: NemathelmynthesClass: NematodesOrder: SpiruridaSuperfamily: FilarioideaFamily: OnchocercidaeGenus: LoaSpecies: Loa loaHistory

    The first case was recorded Loa loa infection in the Caribbean (Santo Domingo) in 1770. A French surgeon named Mongin tried but failed to remove worms that pass in the eyes of a woman. Several years later, in 1778, Francois Guyot surgeon can perform surgery on the worms in the eyes of a slave from West Africa to the French ship to America.
    Identification of microfilaria was made in 1890 by ophthalmologist Stephen McKenzie. A common clinical presentation of loiasis, who observed in 1895 in the coastal city of Calabar Nigeria is created the name of swelling.
    This observation was made by a Scottish ophthalmologist Douglas Argyll-Robertson, but the relationship between Loa loa and Calabar swelling is not realized until the year 1910 (by Dr. Patrick Manson). Determination of flies Chrysops vectors are known in 1912 by British parasitologist Robert Thompson Leiper.
Morphology

    Adult worms shaped like fine threads and milky white
    Female worms: body length can reach 7cm or 50-70 mm 0.5 n
    Male worms: 4cm or 30 to 340.43 mm
    Microfilariae: 250-300 mokron 6 to 8.5 microns, has a holster / sheath
Life Cycle
A. Microfilariae that circulate in the blood sucked by flies Chrysops

    after 10-12 days in the body of insects, microfilariae infective larvae grow up to be characterized by skin changes
    then transmitted to other humans
    Adult worms live in the human body within 1-4 years, then berkopulasi and female adult worms release microfilariae.
    Adult worms grow in the human body and within 1 to 4 weeks from berkopulasi and adult female worms release mikrofilarianya.
Pathogenesis and Clinical Symptoms· Microfilariae usually do not cause symptoms· Adult worms can be found throughout the body and often cause disturbances in the conjunctiva of the eye (sore, swollen eyelids) and the base of the nose· Abnormalities Typical Calabar Swelling or fungitive swelling (swelling of tissue the size of chicken eggs)· If the worms get into the brain may cause encephalitis
       Diagnosis

    By finding microfilariae in the blood taken during the day
    By finding the adult worms from the eye conjunctiva or in the subcutaneous tissue
Treatment

    Giving dietilkarbamasin citrate (DEC) dose of 2 mg / kg / day, 3 times daily for 14 days
    Surgery to remove the adult worms that can be done at the back of the nose or across the network at the time appear in the conjunctiva of the cornea
PREVENTION

    Regular treatment of patients
    Conducting the eradication of the vector and the vector to prevent bites
PrognosisPrognosis is usually good when the adult worms had been expelled from the eye and the treatment worked well